Кремы от загара опасней самого солнца: новые международные данные

Знаете ли вы что, несмотря на активное использование средств от загара, частота случаев рака кожи растет с каждым годом? Доктор наук Элизабет Плурд из Калифорнии отмечает значительный рост частоты злокачественной меланомы (рака кожи), связанный с повсеместным использованием средств защиты от загара в течение последних 30 лет. В состав этих средств, по мнению доктора Плурд, входят химические вещества, известные как канцерогены, а также гормонально активные ингредиенты, воздействие которых на организм не всегда предсказуемо.

Так почему же мы так верим в средства от загара? Есть ли на самом польза от их применения? Мы активно покупаем различные средства, защищающие нас от солнца, начиная от солнцезащитного шампуня, мыла и даже лаков для ногтей. Существует целая индустрия средств с солнцезащитой (SPF-фактором). Но так ли эти кремы-гели-лосьоны полезны? Люди же обходились без них в течение нескольких тысячелетий, а солнце было источником жизни с самого начала времен.

Так ли на самом деле опасно светило?

О пользе солнца существуют научные доказательства, полученные в одном из крупных исследований, опубликованных в Каролинском институте в Швеции в 2014 году. Показатели смертности у женщин, избегавших приема солнечного загара были в 2 раза выше в сравнении с участницами, которые принимали солнечные ванны ежедневно. Данное исследование было значительно крупным и продолжительным и включало 30 000 участниц, за которыми наблюдали в течение 20 лет!

Типы солнечных лучей

Мы часто слышим о существовании различных типов солнечных лучей. Ультрафиолетовые лучи типа B (UVB) являются основной причиной развития немеланомного рака, например, чешуйчато-клеточной карциномы кожи. Химические вещества, содержащиеся в средствах от загара, действительно, блокируют этот тип ультрафиолетовых лучей, защищают организм от них.

А вот ультрафиолетовые лучи типа A (UVA) проникают более глубоко в кожу и их воздействие сложнее заблокировать. При этом ряд исследований показывает, что тип А может быть не менее опасен для организма человека, чем тип лучей В.

Чувство защиты обманчиво

Степень защиты SPF, указанная на этикетке лосьона от загара, не отражает действительную степень защиты кожи от солнечных лучей, поскольку показатель защиты от UVA и UVB невозможно объединить. Продукты с высокой степенью защиты SPF защищают только от UVB лучей, но не от других типов солнечного воздействия. Нанося эти средства, мы ошибочно считаем себя защищенными и подвергаем себя более длительному воздействию UVA и UVB лучей. Таким образом, при нанесении средств от загара мы защищены от воздействия UVB лучей, однако продолжаем поглощать вредные UVA лучи.

Филипп Отье — исследователь из Международного Агентства Исследований Рака в структуре Всемирной Организации Здравоохранения провел многочисленные исследования с участием принимающих загар людей. И пришел к неожиданным выводам. По мнению ученого, продукты с высокой SPF-защитой изменяют воздействие солнечных лучей на организм, что и может являться причиной… повышения риска развития меланомы. Согласно мнению доктора Отье, мы с одинаковым успехом и защитой от рака кожи можем загорать, не применяя никаких солнцезащитных средств.

Солнечные фильтры против нас?

Продукты с высокой степенью SPF защиты нуждаются в более высоких концентрациях химических фильтров от солнца в сравнении со средствами с низкой SPF защитой или натуральных масел. Некоторые из этих ингредиентов проникая в кожу, могут оказывать отрицательное воздействие на организм. Их применение связывают с повреждением тканей, гормональными нарушениями и аллергическими кожными реакциями.

Если бы средства с высоким уровнем SPF защиты демонстрировали лучшую защиту от рака кожи, то в этом случае применение высоких концентраций химических веществ было бы обоснованным. Однако, преимущества этих средств не доказаны, и получается, что выбор других — более щадящих — средств более оправдан.

От лишнего солнца спасает мозг

Когда мы гуляем под солнцем, свет, попадающий в наши глаза, посылает сигналы в участок мозга — гипофиз. Гипофиз же, в свою очередь, выделяет особый гормон, способствующий более темной окраске кожи и… помогающий защитить ее от вредного спектра УФ-лучей. Получается, что наш мозг сам естественным образом бережет нас от лишнего солнца. И, конечно же, только под воздействием солнечных лучей в организме вырабатывается витамин D, так необходимый для роста, костей, нормального сна и веса.

Поэтому сейчас специалисты разных областей медицины признают пользу естественного мягкого загара, особенно морского, когда солнечные ванны сочетаются с минеральными солями и насыщенным воздухом. Так что наслаждайтесь лучами солнца, но в меру и в правильные часы (см. ВАЖНО).

ВАЖНО!

Как сделать загар полезным

Получить правильный загар не так-то просто. Многие из нас вместо него получают сразу солнечный ожог. И так каждый год. Хотя правила идеального загара просты, но надо соблюдать их жестко, советует наш эксперт — врач-дерматокосметолог Надежда Червинская:

— Ограничивать время пребывания на солнцепеке. Идеальное время для легкого загара — с 8 до 10 утра, либо с 17 до 19 часов. Самые «жгучие» прямые лучи солнца — с 11 до 15 часов, в это время велик риск вместо легкого загара получить солнечный ожог (и солнечный удар впридачу).

— Загорать не дольше получаса в день. Начинать солнечные ванны с 15 минут в день, очень светлокожим — с 5-10 минут в день.

— Избегать спиртного на пляже. И алкогольных коктейлей у открытого бассейна. Алкоголь, во-первых, усиливает воздействие ультрафиолета, во-вторых, снижает контроль за временем.

ЧИТАЙТЕ ТАКЖЕ

Крем для загара на солнце

Мало кто знает, что ультрафиолет — это стопроцентный канцероген. Получить убойную дозу ультрафиолета можно даже в прохладный день, особенно в горах. «Комсомолка» разобралась как правильно выбрать крем для загара на солнце (подробности)

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90000 The best sunscreens to buy in 2019 according to Consumer Reports 90001 90002 It’s time to start thinking about sunscreen. Instead of reaching for a random bottle of lotion before rushing to the beach, like most of us do, experts from Consumer Reports suggest taking a few minutes to think about which sunscreen is safest for you and your family. 90003 90002 «There so many models on the market — bottles, cans — and it can get really confusing for consumers,» Consumer Reports deputy editor Patricia Calvo said.90003 90002 The outlet conducted a series of tests on some of the most common sunscreen brands to determine which are best. Here are eight that passed multiple tests and made the list of best sunscreens for 2019. 90003 90008 Best Lotion Sunscreen 90009 90010 90011 90002 90013 1. La Roche-Posay Anthelios 60 Melt-In Sunscreen Milk, $ 31, Walmart 90014 90003 90016 90017 90018 90002 La Roche-Posay consistently makes the cut. It was on the list last year, and this sunscreen (Dylan Dreyer’s favorite) is said to be great for sensitive skin.90003 90010 90011 90013 2. BullFrog Land Sport Quik Gel SPF 50 Sunscreen, $ 8, Walmart 90014 90016 90017 90027 90002 According to Walmart reviews, this sunscreen has 4.8 stars — so basically, people love it. «Bull Frog brand will not leave you streaked and it protects unlike any I’ve ever used,» one reviewer shared. «If you do not want to get sunburned, this is the go-to product!» 90003 90008 Best Spray Sunscreens 90009 90010 90011 90013 1. Trader Joe’s Spray SPF 50+ Sunscreen, In-Store Purchase 90014 90016 90017 90002 Air pressure forces the sunscreen out, so you get a smooth, continuous stream of sunscreen every time you press the button on the can, according to Trader Joe’s website.90003 90010 90011 90013 2. Banana Boat SunComfort Clear UltraMist Spray SPF 50+ Sunscreen, $ 10, Walmart 90014 90016 90017 90046 90002 This broad-spectrum UVA and UVB sunscreen is water resistant for up to 80 minutes. 90003 90008 Best Sunscreens without Oxybenzone 90009 90002 Stuff We Love 90003 90002 Get a daily roundup of items that will make your life easier, healthier and more stylish. 90003 90002 According to recent reports, oxybenzone is one of the four ingredients in sunscreen that may enter the bloodstream.The health risks are unknown, but if you’d rather avoid the ingredient, Consumer Reports released two picks without it. 90003 90010 90011 90013 1. Walgreens Sunscreen Moisturizing Lotion SPF 50, $ 3, Walgreens 90014 90016 90017 90002 Paraben-free, oil-free, oxybenzone-free and hypoallergenic, this affordable sunscreen seems like a great option for sensitive skin. It’s also water resistant and provides UVA and UVB protection. 90003 90010 90011 90013 2. Hawaiian Tropic Sheer Touch Ultra Radiance Lotion SPF 50, $ 10, Walmart 90014 90016 90017 90071 90002 This sunscreen has a nice tropical scent.In addition to its broad-spectrum UVA and UVB protection, it also contains vitamins C and E, mango fruit extract, and a shea butter complex. 90003 90008 Best Mineral Sunscreens 90009 90010 90011 90013 1. California Kids #Supersensitive 90013 Sunscreen 90014 SPF 30+, $ 19, Vitacost 90014 90016 90017 90084 90002 Tears will not be an issue with this kids sunscreen. It’s vegan, has no added fragrances and is great for sensitive skin. 90003 90010 90011 90013 2. Badger Company Natural Mineral Sunscreen SPF 30, $ 13, iHerb 90014 90016 90017 90093 90002 This sunscreen is cruelty-free, non GMO, biodegradable and more.So it’s not just good for your skin, it’s good for the environment, too. 90003 90002 It’s interesting to see how much the rankings can change from one year to the next! In case you were curious, here are the brands that made the cut last year. 90003 90008 Best Sunscreens of 2018 90009 90010 90011 90013 1. La Roche-Posay Anthelios 60 Melt-In Sunscreen Milk, $ 36, Walmart 90014 90016 90017 90018 90002 This sunscreen favorite has made the Consumer Reports best sunscreen list yet again. The lightweight cream is fragrance-free and perfect for sensitive skin.90003 90010 90011 90013 2. Coppertone Sport SPF 50 Lotion Sunscreen, $ 8, Walmart 90014 90016 90017 90115 90002 Look for the dark blue bottle. Coppertone Sport SPF 50 will keep you and your family protected: It’s a great sunscreen for kids. 90003 90010 90011 90013 3. Aveeno Protect + Hydrate Lotion SPF 30, $ 7, Walmart 90014 90016 90017 90124 90002 You may know Aveeno for its soap or body lotion. Turns out, its sunscreen can also be a bathroom staple. 90003 90010 90011 90013 4. Banana Boat SunComfort Clear UltraMist Spray SPF 50+ Sunscreen, $ 10, Walmart 90014 90016 90017 90046 90002 If a spray is more your style, researchers recommend this Banana Boat sunscreen spray.Just make sure you rub it in after application and use a cream for your face to avoid inhaling any chemicals, Calvo said. 90003 90010 90011 90013 5. Coppertone Kids Sunscreen Stick SPF 50, $ 7, Walmart 90014 90016 90017 90142 90002 Looking for a face-friendly sunscreen? This stick is a good choice, according to Consumer Reports. Not only does it protect from the sun’s rays, it will not run as easily as a cream or even spray. 90003 90002 Regardless of which kind of sunscreen you choose, follow these steps to avoid getting burned: 90003 90010 90011 90013 Shake the bottle.90014 This helps to distribute the ingredients throughout the bottle. 90016 90011 90013 Apply sunscreen BEFORE you go outside. 90014 Aim for 15 to 30 minutes before. 90016 90011 90013 Reapply every two hours. 90014 And whenever you get out of the water, no matter how much time has passed, or if an ingredient is water resistant. 90016 90017 90002 Remember to apply sunscreen to often-forgotten parts of your body like your scalp, toes (in between toes, too), ears and more. Wear a hat when you can.90003 90002 90164 For more information, check out the full story on Consumer Reports. This article was originally published on May 5, 2017. 90165 90003 90002 For more Consumer Reports picks, check out: 90003 90002 90164 90164 To discover more deals, shopping tips and budget-friendly product recommendations, subscribe to our Stuff We Love newsletter! 90165 90165 90003.90000 The Ultimate Guide to the Best Sunscreens (In 10 Questions) 90001 90002 90003 What’s the most bulletproof way to prevent sun damage to your skin? Staying out of the sun. But avoiding the sun is a horrible way to spend your time, especially when the sun’s rays are partially responsible for lifting your mood. 90004 90003 So, what’s best thing we have to protect the surface of our skin and the many layers underneath? Sunscreen. 90004 90003 We talked to experts and did the research to clear up common sunscreen confusion.From SPF numbers to skin types, here’s every question you had about sunscreen, answered. 90004 90003 New York dermatologist Fayne Frey reminds us that «no sunscreen is 100 percent effective at preventing burning and skin damage.» She also notes that sunscreen «can increase the amount of time you can be outside.» 90004 90003 And the amount of time spent outside is somewhat correlated to SPF. 90004 90003 Recent research shows that SPF 100, when compared with SPF 50, makes a real difference in protecting your skin against damage and burns.At minimum, you’ll want SPF 30. 90004 90003 Frey also adds that higher SPFs tend to be stickier, so some people do not like them as much. But that extra protection is worth it for a beach day, even if you do not want to opt for it daily. 90004 90003 90018 To recap: 90019 «SPF 30 is the minimum I recommend, but higher is always better,» says Frey. Thinkbaby SPF 30 Stick ($ 8.99) covers the basics without the gluelike feeling. Plus, the stick makes for easy reapplying on-the-go. 90004 90021 90018 What is SPF? 90019 SPF, or sun protection factor, measures how much solar energy is required to cause a sunburn when you’re wearing sunscreen compared with unprotected skin.A sunscreen with an SPF of 30, when used as directed, prevents 97 percent of UVB rays from reaching your skin. SPF 50 blocks 98 percent. It’s important to remember that while higher SPFs offer more protection, they do not last any longer than lower numbers, so you need to reapply them just as often. 90024 90003 The sun emits different types of light rays, two of which are primarily responsible for damaging your skin: ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB). UVB rays are shorter and can not penetrate glass, but they’re the ones that cause sunburns.90004 90003 UVA rays, which can get through glass, are more insidious because they affect your skin beneath the surface even when you can not feel it burning. 90004 90003 For that reason, you’ll want to make sure your sunscreen says «broad spectrum,» «UVA / UVB protection,» or «multi-spectrum» on the label. The term «broad spectrum» is the one you’ll most often see in the United States because it’s regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 90004 90021 90018 Is sunscreen from Europe or Japan better? 90019 Possibly.Sunscreens from other countries have a wider variety of sun-blocking ingredients. These sunscreens list a PA factor, a measure of UVA protection that ranges from «+» to «++++.» The PA rating system was developed in Japan and is only starting to catch on here in the United States. 90024 90003 Monique Chheda, a Washington, DC-area dermatologist, adds that «usually the two ingredients that provide UVA coverage are avobenzone and zinc oxide, so you definitely want to make sure your sunscreen has one of these.»90004 90003 90018 To recap: 90019 Both UVB and UVA rays cause skin cancer and signs of aging, so always opt for a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a minimum of SPF 30 or higher. Murad City Skin Age Defense SPF 50 ($ 65) sunscreen has a PA rating of ++++, indicating it has excellent protection against UVA rays. 90004 90003 You’ll hear the terms physical (or mineral) and chemical sunscreens. These terms refer to the active ingredients used. 90004 90021 90018 Renaming physical vs. chemical 90019 Since zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are technically chemicals, it’s actually more accurate to refer to physical sunscreen as «inorganic» and chemical as «organic.»There’s also only a 5 to 10 percent difference in the way these ingredients work, as both types absorb UV rays. 90024 90047 Physical (inorganic) sunscreen 90048 90003 There are only two inorganic sunscreen ingredients approved by the FDA: zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. It’s been thought that inorganic sunscreens create a protective barrier on the surface of your skin that reflects and scatters UV rays away from your body. However, recent research suggests that inorganic sunscreens actually protect skin by absorbing up to 95 percent of the rays.90004 90021 90018 Best physical sunscreens 90019 90024 90003 90018 Beauty facts! 90019 Physical sunscreens typically leave behind a white cast, unless you are using a tinted product or one that uses nanotechnology to break down particles. Also, while physical sunscreens are branded as «natural,» most are not and need to be processed with synthetic chemicals in order for sunscreen to glide smoothly onto your skin. 90004 90047 Chemical (organic) sunscreen 90048 90003 All the other active ingredients that are not zinc or titanium are considered chemical sunscreens ingredients.Chemical sunscreens absorb into your skin like lotion instead of forming a barrier on top of the skin. These active ingredients «cause a chemical reaction that converts the UV light into heat so that it can not harm the skin,» explains Chheda. 90004 90021 90018 Best chemical sunscreens 90019 90024 90003 Chheda encourages her patients to use whichever kind they prefer but cautions that when opting for a purely physical sunscreen, you need to look for one with at least a 10 percent concentration of zinc oxide in order to get broad-spectrum coverage.90004 90003 «I wear sunscreen 365 days a year,» Frey says. «I brush my teeth in the morning and I put on my sunscreen.» 90004 90003 Whether you’re spending the afternoon in the sun or not, make sure you’re applying enough sunscreen for it to actually be effective — most of us do not. Frey and Chheda both say that the average person in a bathing suit needs a full ounce (or a full shot glass) to cover all exposed areas, including your face, every two hours. To make reapplying easier, try a spray sunscreen like Banana Boat Sun Comfort Spray SPF 50 ($ 7.52). 90004 90003 If you’re at the beach for the day with your family — say six hours out in the sun — each person needs at least a three-ounce bottle all to themselves. If you’re not in the water, throw on a shirt and hat and sit in the shade. Every bit of coverage makes a difference. 90004 90003 People with dark skin tones or those who tan easily should not skimp either. 90004 90003 «Your skin tone should not decide how much sunscreen you wear. Everyone, regardless of skin color, should apply an adequate amount of sunscreen to ensure full protection, «Chheda advises.Skin cancer survival rates are lower in nonwhite populations, which may be due to the belief that darker skin tones do not need sunscreen. 90004 90003 Even if you’re not spending the afternoon at the pool, you’re still guaranteed to come into contact with UV rays through the window or by peeking outside. Studies show that daily use of sunscreen can significantly lower your risk for skin cancer and aging skin (defined by wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, and dark spots). 90004 90003 90018 Reapplication reminders: 90019 Always reapply sunscreen.Aim for every two hours if you’re outside. What you initially put on can move or shift throughout the day. It also takes about 20 minutes for sunscreen to work. If your sunscreen has thicker zinc oxide, you may be able to get away with less sunscreen, but if you’re unsure, do not risk it! 90004 90003 As far as sun protection goes, according to Frey, the only real difference between face and body sunscreen is the size bottle it’s sold in. You do not need to buy a separate bottle of sunscreen for your face if you do not want to.There are some great combo products labeled for face and body such as La Roche-Posay Anthelios SPF 60 ($ 35.99). 90004 90003 That said, your face is often more sensitive than the rest of your body, so many people prefer a lightweight, nongreasy sunscreen formulated specifically for the face, especially for everyday wear. These are less likely to clog pores, cause breakouts, or irritate skin. Neutrogena Sheer Zinc Dry Touch SPF 50 ($ 6.39) fits these criteria nicely. 90004 90003 You should also avoid using spray sunscreens on your face, since it is not safe to inhale them.If you’re in a pinch, spray the sunscreen on your hand first and rub it in. 90004 90003 Stick sunscreens, such as Neutrogena Ultra Sheer Stick Face and Body SPF 70 ($ 8.16), make a nice on-the-go alternative and are easy to apply to the delicate skin around your eyes. 90004 90003 For babies and kids, as well as those with sensitive skin, dermatologists recommend physical sunscreens since they’re much less likely to cause rashes or other allergic reactions. For little ones, a hypoallergenic sunscreen formulated with zinc oxide such as Thinkbaby SPF 50 ($ 7.97) is a great choice. 90004 90003 Since it can be hard for kids who are a bit older to sit still for sunscreen applications, spray sunscreens, such as Supergoop Antioxidant-Infused Sunscreen Mist SPF 30 ($ 19), can make the process less of a chase. Be sure to hold the nozzle close and spray until the skin glistens to be sure you’re applying enough. 90004 90003 All of the dermatologists we spoke to stressed that the active ingredients in sunscreen are vigorously tested for safety by the FDA. That said, they agree chemical absorbers are more likely to cause skin irritation, so if you have a skin condition like eczema or rosacea, or if you’re prone to allergic reactions, stick with sunscreens that use zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.90004 90003 Fragrances are also irritating to many people, so a physical sunscreen that’s also fragrance-free and hypoallergenic is ideal. 90004 90003 If you have questions about sunscreen safety, Dustin J. Mullens, a dermatologist in Scottsdale, Arizona, recommends checking out the Environmental Working Group’s sunscreen guide, which gives safety ratings to hundreds of sunscreens based on scientific data and literature. 90004 90003 In May 2018, Hawaii banned chemical sunscreen ingredients oxybenzone and octinoxate, which scientists believe contribute to coral reef bleaching.90004 90003 But Hawaii’s new law does not go into effect until 2021, so for now the targeted ingredients are still circulating on store shelves. 90004 90003 Overall, it’s not a bad idea to be proactive and opt for reef-safe sunscreens that do not include oxybenzone or octinoxate, such as Blue Lizard Sensitive SPF 30 ($ 26.99) which gets its UV protection from zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. 90004 90003 Not all mineral sunscreens are totally in the clear, though. Many mineral sunscreens contain microscopic-sized particles of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide which are called nanoparticles.Recent research, still in the early stages, suggests that these nanoparticles may also be harmful to coral reefs. 90004 90003 If you want err on the side of caution, go with a sunscreen that includes non-nano zinc oxide on the ingredients list, such as Raw Elements Face + Body SPF 30 ($ 13.99). 90004 90021 90018 Sunscreen disruption 90019 Oxybenzone is one chemical sunscreen ingredient that’s been linked to hormone disruption. However, a 2017 paper notes that you’d have to use this ingredient continuously for 277 years for it to disrupt your hormones.Current studies also show that nanoparticles are safe for humans and do not go deep into your skin (only onto the outer dead layer). 90024 90003 From Amazon to Ulta, you’ve got literally hundreds to choose from. You can start with the basics: Choose broad spectrum and an SPF of at least 30. From there, consider factors that’re important to you like whether you have a skin condition or whether you prefer the application of a stick over a cream. 90004 90047 If your skin is … 90048 90121 90122 90018 Dry.90019 Look for a sunscreen that also contains a moisturizer and avoid sprays since they often contain skin-drying alcohol. 90125 90122 90018 Darker. 90019 Any type of chemical sunscreen should work since they’re designed to rub in fully without leaving a white residue. If you prefer a physical sunscreen, look for one that’s marked ‘sheer.’ 90125 90122 90018 Acne-prone. 90019 Avoid creams since they tend to be greasy and heavy and can clog pores. 90125 90122 90018 Oily. 90019 Oily skin is not necessarily acne-prone, but look for a lightweight, gel-based sunscreen that dries quickly on your skin.Sunscreens like this often contain alcohol. 90125 90122 90018 Sensitive. 90019 Stick to physical sunscreens and make sure the product you buy is alcohol- and fragrance-free. 90125 90142 90003 At the end of the day, «the best sunscreen is the one you’re going to use,» Frey says. And if you’re really looking to cover up, wear a hat, invest in sun-protective clothing, and stay in the shade or indoors — especially in the bright afternoon sun between noon and 4 p.m. 90004 90145 90003 90147 Rebecca Straus is a writer, editor, and plant expert.Her work has appeared on Rodale’s Organic Life, Sunset, Apartment Therapy, and Good Housekeeping. 90148 90004.90000 What Sunscreen Ingredients to Look for — and Which to Avoid 90001 90002 You might already know the basics: Sunscreen is a preventive measure to protect skin against the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation. 90003 90002 The two main types of ultraviolet radiation, UVA and UVB, damage the skin, cause premature aging, and increase your risk of skin cancer. And these rays come in contact with your skin year-round, even when it’s cloudy or you’re indoors (some UV rays can penetrate through glass).90003 90002 But choosing a sunscreen is not as easy as grabbing any bottle from the shelf. Not all sun-protecting ingredients have the same benefits, risks, or instructions. 90003 90002 In fact, some ingredients might help prevent burn but not aging, while others are universally considered safe for people, but not the environment. 90003 90002 So how’s your skin to know what works? We’ve got your back on all the approved, banned, and status in-flux ingredients around the world. FYI: Most formulations are made up of at least two UV-filter ingredients.90003 90002 90013 90014 Found in chemical sunscreens 90015 90016 90003 90002 One of the more popular European ingredients, Tinosorb S can protect against UVB and UVA rays, long and short, making it one of the most ideal ingredients for sun damage prevention. Tinosorb also helps stabilize other sunscreen filters and is allowed in concentrations of up to 10 percent. 90003 90002 However, the FDA has not approved this ingredient for several reasons, citing, according to Newsweek, a «lack of information» and only being asked for «a decision, not an approval.»90003 90002 The ingredient is often added to sunscreen to boost its efficiency and has yet to be connected to any high risk factors. 90003 90024 Fast facts 90025 90026 90027 90013 Approved in: 90016 Australia, Japan, Europe 90030 90027 90013 Banned in: 90016 United States 90030 90027 90013 Best for: 90016 Antioxidant benefits and sun damage prevention 90030 90027 90013 Coral safe? 90016 Unknown 90030 90043 90002 90013 90014 Found in chemical sunscreens 90015 90016 90003 90002 Mexoryl SX is a UV filter used in sunscreens and lotions across the globe.It has abilities to block UVA1 rays, which are the longwave rays that spur skin aging. 90003 90002 A 2008 review showed it’s an effective UV absorber and ideal for preventing sun damage. 90003 90002 While this ingredient has been in European circulation since 1993, the FDA did not approve this ingredient for L’Oréal until 2006. Medically, it’s been approved for adults and children over 6 months of age. 90003 90002 90013 Look for it with: 90016 Avobenzone. When combined with avobenzone, UVA protection of both ingredients are enhanced and stabilized.90003 90024 Fast facts 90025 90026 90027 90013 Approved in: 90016 United States, Australia, Europe, Japan 90030 90027 90013 Banned in: 90016 None 90030 90027 90013 Best for: 90016 Sun damage prevention 90030 90027 90013 Coral safe? 90016 Yes 90030 90043 90002 90013 90014 Found in physical sunscreens 90015 90016 90003 90002 Oxybenzone, often found in broad-spectrum sunscreens, helps filter both UVB and UVA rays (specifically short UVA). It’s also one of the most popular ingredients, found in the majority of sunscreens in the U.S. market and can make up to 6 percent of the bottle. 90003 90002 However, Hawaii has banned this ingredient after a study, created by the Haereticus Environmental lab, found that the ingredient contributed to bleaching and poisoning coral reefs. For environmental reasons, you’ll want to avoid this ingredient and look for «green» sunscreens. 90003 90002 Most recently, a study found that our skin absorbs sunscreen ingredients like oxybenzone. This caused a spike of interest in «safe» sunscreens, despite the study reporting no harm found and concluding that «these results do not indicate that individuals should refrain from the use of sunscreen.»90003 90002 Other studies also confirm that oxybenzone does not significantly demonstrate endocrine disruption. 90003 90024 Fast facts 90025 90026 90027 90013 Approved in: 90016 United States (except Hawaii), Australia, Europe 90030 90027 90013 Restricted in: 90016 Japan 90030 90027 90013 Best for: 90016 Sun damage and burn prevention 90030 90027 90013 Coral safe? 90016 No, may also potentially affect fish 90030 90027 90013 Caution: 90016 Sensitive skin types will want to skip formulas with this ingredient 90030 90043 90002 90013 90014 Found in chemical sunscreens 90015 90016 90003 90002 Octinoxate is a common and potent UVB absorber, meaning it’s effective for sun damage prevention.Combined with avobenzone, they can both provide great broad-spectrum protection against burns and aging. 90003 90002 This ingredient is allowed in formulations (up to 7.5 percent), but is banned in Hawaii due to the environmental risks on coral reefs. 90003 90024 Fast facts 90025 90026 90027 90013 Approved in: 90016 Certain U.S. states, Europe, Japan, Australia 90030 90027 90013 Banned in: 90016 Hawaii, Key West (Florida), Palau 90030 90027 90013 Best for: 90016 Sunburn prevention 90030 90027 90013 Coral safe? 90016 No, may also potentially affect fish 90030 90043 90002 90013 90014 Found in chemical sunscreens 90015 90016 90003 90002 Avobenzone is commonly used to block the full range of UVA rays and is reported as ‘unstable’ in physical sunscreens.90003 90002 On its own, the ingredient destabilizes when exposed to light. To combat this, it’s often paired with other ingredients (such as mexoryl) to stabilize avobenzone. 90003 90002 In many countries, avobenzone is used in combination with zinc oxide and titanium dioxide specifically, but in the United States, the combination is not permitted. 90003 90002 While it’s found in broad-spectrum sunscreens, it’s often combined with other chemicals because avobenzone by itself will lose 50 to 90 percent of its filtering abilities within an hour of light exposure.90003 90002 In the U.S., the FDA deems this ingredient safe but restricts the concentration amount to 3 percent in sunscreen formulations. 90003 90002 90013 90014 Found in physical sunscreens 90015 90016 90003 90002 There are two sunscreen ingredients generally recognized as safe and effective, or GRASE, by the FDA, and both are physical sunscreen ingredients. (Note: the GRASE label also means that the FDA will not be monitoring products with these ingredients.) 90003 90002 The first one, titanium dioxide, serves as a broad-spectrum UV filter (although it does not block long UVA1 rays) .90003 90002 The FDA approves titanium dioxide for use in children older than 6 months, and research shows it’s generally safer than other sunscreens via skin exposure. 90003 90002 However, researchers also write that power and spray forms should be avoided as it may be hazardous. A 2011 review notes that titanium oxide nanoparticles through oral exposure are classified as «possibly carcinogenic to humans,» meaning only animal studies have been conducted. 90003 90002 Keep in mind this ingredient is not limited to sunscreen.It can also be found in SPF makeup, pressed powders, lotions, and whitening products. 90003 90024 Fast facts 90025 90026 90027 90013 Approved in: 90016 United States, Australia, Europe, Japan 90030 90027 90013 Banned in: 90016 None 90030 90027 90013 Best for: 90016 Sun damage prevention 90030 90027 90013 Coral safe? 90016 Detectable levels but no harm found 90030 90027 90013 Caution: 90016 Formulas may leave white cast on darker skin, and ingredient may be carcinogenic in powder form 90030 90043 90002 90013 90014 Found in physical sunscreens 90015 90016 90003 90002 Zinc oxide is the second GRASE sunscreen ingredient, allowed in concentrations up to 25 percent.90003 90002 Studies show it’s safe, with no evidence of skin penetration, even after repeated use. In Europe, the ingredient is labeled with a warning because of its toxicity to aquatic life. The ingredient does not cause harm unless it’s swallowed or inhaled. 90003 90002 Compared to avobenzone and titanium oxide, it’s cited as a photostable, effective, and safe for sensitive skin. On the other hand, research also says it’s not as effective as chemical sunscreens, and is not as effective in protecting against sunburn as it is for sun damage.90003 90024 Fast facts 90025 90026 90027 90013 Approved in: 90016 United States, Australia, Europe, Japan 90030 90027 90013 Banned in: 90016 None 90030 90027 90013 Best for: 90016 Sun damage prevention 90030 90027 90013 Coral safe? 90016 No 90030 90027 90013 Caution: 90016 Certain formulations may leave a white cast for olive and dark skin tones 90030 90043 90002 90013 90014 Found in both chemical (PABA) and physical (trolamine) sunscreens 90015 90016 90003 90002 Also known as para-aminobenzoic acid , this is a strong UVB absorber.The popularity of this ingredient has decreased due to the fact that it increases allergic dermatitis and increases photosensitivity. 90003 90002 Studies on animals have also shown certain levels of toxicity, leading the European Commission and the FDA to restrict formula concentrations to 5 percent. However, Canada has banned the use of PABA in cosmetics altogether. 90003 90002 Trolamine salicylate, also known as Tea-Salicylate, was deemed GRASE in 2019, but the research shows it’s a weak UV absorber.Because of this, the ingredient is limited in its percentage alongside other GRASE ingredients. 90003 90024 Fast facts 90025 90026 90027 90013 Approved in: 90016 United States (up to 12-15%), Australia (trolamine salicylate only), Europe (PABA up to 5%), Japan 90030 90027 90013 Banned in: 90016 Australia (PABA ), Canada (both) 90030 90027 90013 Best for: 90016 Sunburn protection 90030 90027 90013 Coral safe? 90016 Unknown 90030 90043 90002 The United States ‘classification of sunscreen as a drug is one of the biggest reasons for its slow approval rate.The drug classification comes because the product is marketed as a preventive measure for sunburn as well as skin cancer. 90003 90002 In Australia, sunscreen is classified as therapeutic or cosmetic. Therapeutic refers to sunscreens where the primary use is sun protection and has an SPF of 4 or higher. Cosmetic refers to any product that includes SPF but is not meant to be your sole protection. Europe and Japan classify sunscreen as cosmetic. 90003 90002 But since the FDA took so long to approve new ingredients (none have gone through since 1999), Congress introduced the Sunscreen Innovation Act in 2014.The goal is to get the FDA to review their approval backlog of pending sunscreen ingredients, including new ones that are submitted after the act was signed, by November 2019. 90003 90002 As far as sunscreen options, many consumers have turned to buying sunscreen online from other countries. This may not always be because of the ingredients themselves. As mentioned earlier, overseas sunscreens are formulated as cosmetics, making them, reportedly, more pleasant to apply, less likely to leave a white cast, and less greasy.90003 90002 And while it’s not illegal to buy sunscreen abroad, purchasing them through unofficial vendors on Amazon is tricky. The products might be expired or fake. 90003 90002 On top of that, these overseas products might become harder to access after the proposal is in effect. 90003 90284 In the meantime, sunscreen users like us have to educate ourselves on sunscreen ingredients and preventive measures 90285 90002 There are also golden rules for applying sunscreen. Reapplication every two hours is important — especially if you’re outdoors as SPF numbers are not indications of how long you should stay in the sun.90003 90002 Physical sunscreens are effective immediately after application while chemical sunscreens take 15 to 20 minutes to start working. 90003 90002 Avoid misinformation, too. Reports and research show that DIY sunscreens on Pinterest are extremely popular, despite the fact that DIY sunscreens do not work and can, in fact, increase skin damage. 90003 90002 After all, while sunscreens from other countries might be more elegant, it’s not a reason to hold off «for the best option» until the FDA approves them.The best sunscreen to use is the one you’re already using. 90003 90294 90002 90014 Taylor Ramble is a skin enthusiast, freelance writer, and film student. For the past five years she’s worked as a freelance writer and blogger focusing on topics from wellness to pop culture. She enjoys dancing, learning about food and culture, as well as empowerment. Right now she works at The University of Georgia’s Virtual Reality Lab focusing on the impact of advancing technologies on behavior and wellness.90015 90003.90000 Sunscreen Versus Sunblock: What’s the Difference? 90001 90002 Although it is not unusual to hear the words sunblock and sunscreen used interchangeably, they’re actually two very different types of sun protection. 90003 90004 Sunscreen 90005 90002 Sunscreen is a chemical defense, penetrating the skin and absorbing the UV rays before they reach and damage the dermal layers. 90003 90002 Some sunscreens include avobenzone, oxybenzone, and para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), which are ingredients used to absorb the sun’s rays.90003 90004 Sunblock 90005 90002 Sunblock is a physical way to defend against ultraviolet (UV) rays. It sits on top of the skin and acts as a barrier. Typically, sunblock includes zinc oxide or titanium oxide. Sunblocks are often opaque and noticeable when applied to the skin. 90003 90002 Many brands of sun protection offer a blend of sunscreen and sunblock. 90003 90002 Both sunscreen and sunblock provide protection from the sun. 90003 90002 According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, however, skin type should be a consideration when choosing the right product for you.90003 90002 For people with sensitive skin, sunblocks with zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are better tolerated. These ingredients are also typically found in products for children, who have different sun protection needs. 90003 90002 People with skin conditions, such as rosacea or allergy-prone skin, should avoid products that contain fragrances, preservatives, and oxybenzone or PABA, which are often found in sunscreens. 90003 90002 The Environmental Working Group has also cautioned against use of sun protectants with oxybenzone, as it may cause an allergic reaction.90003 90002 Before trying a new sunscreen or sunblock, read the label to make sure you’ll get the protection you need and avoid ingredients you may be sensitive to. 90003 90002 Many doctors recommend sun protectants that offer: 90003 90030 90031 SPF 30 or greater 90032 90031 broad spectrum protection 90032 90031 water resistance 90032 90037 90002 SPF is an acronym for sun protection factor. It’s an indication of how well a product will actually protect you from the sun’s ultraviolet B (UVB) rays.90003 90002 The SPF number tells you the amount of time it takes for the skin to redden upon exposure to the sun with protection as opposed to the amount of time without protection. 90003 90002 If used exactly as directed, a product with SPF 30 will take the sun 30 times longer to burn the skin than skin directly exposed without protection. A product with SPF 50 will take 50 times longer. 90003 90002 According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, a product with SPF 30 allows approximately 3 percent of UVB rays to hit your skin, and a product with SPF 50 allows about 2 percent.90003 90002 You may see any of the following terms on sun protectant labels: 90003 90004 Water resistant 90005 90002 The FDA will no longer allow manufacturers to say their products are waterproof. 90003 90002 Look for products that are water-resistant. This means, the protection will be effective for 40 minutes in the water, then reapplication is necessary. Products that are labeled as very water resistant will typically last for 80 minutes in the water. 90003 90004 90055 Broad spectrum 90056 90005 90002 Broad spectrum means that the product can protect from both ultraviolet A (UVA) and UVB rays.90003 90004 Sports 90005 90002 The FDA has not approved this term for sun protection, but it’s a common indication of water and sweat resistance. 90003 90004 Sensitive skin 90005 90002 Although the FDA has not approved the term «sensitive skin» for sun protection, it’s most likely an indication that the product is hypoallergenic and does not include PABA, oils, or fragrances. 90003 90002 Before use, read the label to see if any of these ingredients may irritate your skin. 90003 90070 90031 UV radiation from the sun is the most serious threat for skin cancer.90032 90031 Sunburn is damage to skin cells and blood vessels from the sun’s UV radiation. Repeated damage results in weakened skin that easily bruises. 90032 90031 A 2013 study of Caucasian women concluded that UV exposure may be responsible for 80 percent of visible facial aging signs. Signs of visible aging to your skin may include wrinkles, reduced elasticity, pigmentation, and degradation of texture. 90032 90077 90002 Sunlight includes visible light, heat, and UV radiation. UV is divided into three types and is classified by wavelength.90003 90004 UVA 90005 90002 Accounting for about 95 percent of the UV radiation reaching the Earth’s surface, UVA has a relatively long wavelength that can penetrate into the deeper layers of the skin. 90003 90002 Responsible for immediate tanning, it also contributes to skin wrinkling and aging, and the development of skin cancers. 90003 90004 UVB 90005 90002 Partially blocked by the atmosphere, medium wavelength UVB is unable to penetrate deeper than the superficial layers of skin. 90003 90002 UVB is responsible for delayed sun tanning and burning.It also can enhance skin aging and promote skin cancer development. 90003 90004 UVC 90005 90002 Short wavelength ultraviolet C (UVC) is totally blocked by the Earth’s atmosphere. It is not a concern with sun exposure. It can, however, be dangerous with exposure to an artificial radiation source. 90003 90002 Staying out of the sun is the best way to protect yourself, though this can be hard to do. 90003 90002 Here a few steps beyond wearing sunscreen and sunblock you can take to protect yourself: 90003 90030 90031 Avoid the sun from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m., when the UV rays are the strongest. 90032 90031 Wear sunglasses that filter UV light. 90032 90031 Wear protective clothing, such as long pants, long-sleeved shirts, and a wide-brimmed hat. 90032 90037 90002 Many sun protectants have a combination of sunscreen and sunblock, so consider taking the time to review the label before purchasing and applying the product. 90003 90002 Look for products that are SPF 30 or greater, have broad spectrum protection, and are water resistance. Avoid any products that contain ingredients your skin may be sensitive to.90003 90002 To prevent burning, reapply sun protectants every two hours, or every 40 to 80 minutes after being in the water or sweating. 90003.